Political Ideologies and Governance Models of Ex-Italia –Somalia VS Ex-Brtish Somaliland

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Somaliland presents an instructive counterpoint to the broader Somali experience, offering insights into the effects of different political ideologies, state-building strategies, and social dynamics.

While Somalia has struggled with persistent state failure driven by clannism and Wahhabi-inspired political Islam, Somaliland has achieved relative stability, functional governance, and a degree of democratic progress.

This difference is not merely a product of geography or resources but a reflection of distinct historical trajectories, political frameworks, and the absence of radical ideologies. Understanding these differences helps highlight why Somaliland’s state-building efforts have succeeded where Somalia’s have failed.

Somalia’s Political Landscape: Since the fall of Siad Barre’s regime in 1991, Somalia has been trapped in a cycle of state collapse, warlordism, and radical Islamist insurgencies. Political clannism, in combination with competing visions of Islamic governance (e.g., al-Shabaab’s strict Wahhabism), has created a fragmented political environment. The lack of a unifying national vision or stable political institutions has prevented the formation of a functioning state.

Somaliland’s Path: In

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